Baseline biological survey of To'atuga reef : Samoa

To’atuga Reef is located between 6.5-7.4 km (3.5-4.0 nautical miles) north or seaward of Apia Harbour (middle) on the north coast of Upolo Island, Samoa. It is an elongate ridge of reef extending in a NW–SE axis, with a broad reef top which ranges between 15-22m descending on a slope of 300 450 with vertical sections to a sand and rubble bottom at 35-40m. The reef top is characterised by a low topographic relief with the undulating contours of small ridges and depressions.